Outline

This is an e-book to accompany the online course "Green ICT Strategies" (GICTS) within the Computer Professional Education Program of the Australian Computer Society.

Green ICT (Green IT or Green Computing) is the study and practice of using computers and telecommunications in a way which maximises positive environmental benefit and minimise the negative impact.

The energy efficiency of operating equipment is a major concern of Green ICT. The embodied energy and lifecycle of the materials used in the design, manufacture and reuse and recycling of equipment and components are also concerns. Green ICT seeks to inform accepted management practises to achieve efficient and effective business interaction.

Green ICT Strategies is an emerging discipline. This subject is drawn from practices being developed in the public and private sectors in Australia and internationally. Implementation methodologies and assessment tools currently being field-tested are introduced. At the completion of this subject the student can:

• Estimate the carbon footprint of the ICT operations of an organisation,
• Assess ways to reduce the carbon footprint of an organisation, by changes to polices for procurement of ICT, changes to the ICT operations and revising business processes.

Competencies based on Skills Framework for the Information Age (SFIA)

The Skills Framework for the Information Age (SFIA) provides a common reference model for the identification of the skills needed to develop effective Information Systems (IS) making use of Information & Communications Technology (ICT).

Green ICT Strategies will target SIFA Level 5 competencies: "ensure, advise:Broad direction, supervisory, objective setting responsibility. Influences organisation. Challenging and unpredictable work. Self sufficient in business skills". With the following skills:

Category/Subcategory/Skill

• Strategy & planning
  
  • Technical strategy and planning
    
    • Emerging technology monitoring: The identification of new and emerging hardware, software and communication technologies, products, methods and techniques and the assessment of their relevance and potential value to the organisation.
    • Methods and tools: Ensuring that appropriate methods and tools for the planning, development, operation, management and maintenance of systems are adopted and used effectively throughout the organisation.
  • Business/IS strategy and planning
    
    • Business process improvement: The identification of new and alternative approaches to performing business activities. The analysis of business processes, including recognition of the potential for automation of the processes, assessment of the costs and potential benefits of the new approaches considered and, where appropriate, management of change and assistance with implementation.
    • Strategic Application of Information Systems (Enterprise Architecture): The development or review of an information systems strategy to support an organisation’s business goals and the development of plans to drive forward and manage that strategy. Working with others to embed the strategic management of information systems as part of the management of the organisation.
• Procurement & management support
  
  • Supply management
    
    • Procurement: The management of, or provision of advice on, the procurement of goods and services.
  • Quality management
    
    • Compliance audit: The independent, third-party assessment of the conformity of any activity, process, deliverable, product or service with the criteria of specified standards, such as BS EN ISO 9000/14000, local standards, best practice or other documented requirements. May relate to, for example, asset management, network security tools, firewalls and Internet security, real-time systems and application design.

Content

The course consists of four major topics (modules) each with three sub-topics, one topic per week, with a week at the end for review:

1. Politics, Science and Business of Sustainability

   Objective: Investigate the principles of environmental sustainability and the science of climate change. Learn how to estimate the carbon footprint of ICT systems. Look at methods to reduce the footprint both of ICT systems directly and of other systems by using ICT.

   • Week 1: Introduction to Green ICT Strategies

     Understand environmental, social and business context for sustainability, and overview of background, boundaries. Investigate the principles of environmental sustainability and the science of climate change.

   • Week 2: The Global ICT Footprint

     Estimate the embodied carbon and the footprint from use of telecommunications, data centres and desktop PCs.

   • Week 3: Enabling ICT: Dematerialisation, smart motor systems, logistics, buildings and grids.

     Investigate how ICT systems can reduce energy and materials use by improving the efficiency of business systems by replacing the movement of goods with information (dematerialisation), improve the efficiency of machines (smart motor systems), logistics, buildings and grids.

2. Technical strategy and planning - Emerging technology monitoring

   Objective: Identify existing, new and emerging hardware, software and communication technologies for energy saving and materials reuse in ICT,
   and relate these technologies to ICT as it is used in organisations.

   • Week 4: Energy saving - Data Centres and Client Equipment
     

     Computers and telecommunications equipment contributes about 2% to greenhouse gas emissions. Look at how data centres and client equipment can be made more efficient.

   • Week 5: Materials Use

     Energy reduction is only part of making a Green ICT system, there is also the issue of use of materials and hazardous substances. How does the Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool (EPEAT) deal with material use?

   • Week 6: Methods and tools

     Investigate that appropriate methods and tools for the planning, development, operation, management and maintenance of systems for the organisation.

3. Business/IS strategy and planning
   

   Objective: Apply improved ICT technology and practices into organisational processes, strategic planning and management. Incorporate Green ICT in the strategic requirements of the business. Recommend alternative solutions which reduce environmental impact.

   • Week 7: Business process improvement

     Recommend alternative solutions which reduce environmental impact, assesses feasibility, and recommends new approaches.

   • Week 8: Improving Data Centre Energy Efficiency

     Investigate how to implement and assess data centre efficiency.

   • Week 9: Enterprise Architecture

     Contribute to the sustainability of the systems capability strategy, which meets the strategic requirements of the business. Incorporate Green ICT into the models and plans to drive forward the strategy, taking advantage of opportunities to improve business performance, as well as environmental benefits.

4. Procurement & management support

   Objective: Write green ICT requirement documents for products and services. Ensure that processes meet sustainability and quality standards.

   • Week 10: Procurement

     Write green ICT requirement documents for products and services.

     Much of the environmental benefits come about by selecting the right products and services. How do you ensure that your hardware, software and services suppliers provide green products?

   • Week 11: Energy Star Program and Quality Management

     Ensure that the processes for producing a product or service sustainability will do so to a consistent standard. Investigate the fit between Green ICT requirements and those of Quality Management Systems.

   • Week 12: Compliance audit:

     Assess the conformity of systems to environmental standards, such as ISO 14000 series of environment management standards, Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool (EPEAT), and Energy Star Program.
     

5. Week 13: Review and discussion for assignment 2

   Objective: Let us revisit the reasons we are studying Green ICT: to maximise positive environmental benefit and minimises negative impact. What specific processes will you propose in Assignment 2, to improve energy efficiency and the use of materials in your organisation?

Workload

To complete the subject you will need to spend 8-10 hours each week reading, communicating with colleagues and tutors, and preparing assignments.

Review/Evaluation Methods

There are 2 areas of assessment in the subject;

• Contributions to the 13 weekly discussion forums, worth 20% of your total assessment.

• 2 assignments, worth 40% each.

To pass the subject overall, it is necessary to pass in both areas of assessment.

Teaching Strategies

By distance education through online learning methods. Online learning is the main delivery method, moderated and supported by a tutor, mentor, student discussion forums and weekly feedback. Students are grouped in cohorts of 20.

Specialist Features or Equipment

The subject is supported by a web based Learning Management System, where the online learning takes place. Learning materials plus discussion forums are available through this site. Set readings elsewhere on the web are linked from the site.

Reference

Online references will be used, including:

1. The Engineering Sustainable Solutions Program, Sustainable IT Lecture Series, Natural Edge Project, 2008

2. The Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool (EPEAT), Green Electronics Council. GEC 2006.

3. Energy Star Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy, 2007

4. ACS Policy Statement for Green ICT, Australian Computer Society, 16 August 2007

5. The Personal Computer and Monitors Energy Efficiency Strategy, Tom Worthington, Report and Recommended Plan of Action, prepared for the Department of Environment, Heritage and the Arts, Version 1.0, 23 September 2008.

6. ROI Analysis: Reducing 856,000 Pounds of CO2 Emissions through Remote Services and Off-Hours Power Management, Government Case Study: Power Management and CO² Reduction, Intel, 2008